• Q1. When were OSI model developed and why its standard called 802.XX and so on?

OSI model was developed in February1980 that why these also known as 802.XX Standard (Notice 80 means ==> 1980, 2means ==> February)

• Q2. What is Full form of ADS?

Active Directory Structure

• Q3. How will you register and activate windows?

If you have not activated windows XP, you can do so at any time by clicking the windows Activation icon in the system tray to initiate activation. Once you have activated windows XP, this icon disappears from the system tray. For registration Start ==> Run ==> regwiz /r

• Q4. Where do we use cross and standard cable?

Computer to computer ==> cross Switch/hub to switch/hub ==>cross Computer to switch/hub ==>standard

• Q5. How many pins do serial ports have?

In computer its known as com port and could be available in 9pin or 25 pin. On router it have 60 pins.

• Q6. How will check ip address on 98?

Start ==> Run ==> command ==> winipcfg

• Q7. How will you make partition after installing windows?

My computer ==> right click ==> manage ==> disk management ==> select free space ==> right click ==> New partition

• Q8. What is IP?

Its a unique 32 bits software address of a node in a network.

• Q9. What is private IP?

Three ranges of IP addresses have been reserved for private address and they are not valid for use on the Internet. If you want to access internet with these address you must have to use proxy server or NAT server (on normal cases the role of proxy server is played by your ISP.).If you do decide to implement a private IP address range, you can use IP addresses from any of the following classes: Class A 10.0.0.0 10.255.255.255 Class B 172.16.0.0 172.31.255.255 Class C 192.168.0.0 192.168.255.255

• Q10. What is public IP address?

A public IP address is an address leased from an ISP that allows or enables direct Internet communication.

• Q11. Whats the benefit of subnetting?

Reduce the size of the routing tables. Reduce network traffic. Broadcast traffic can be isolated within a single logical network. Provide a way to secure network traffic by isolating it from the rest of the network.

• Q12. What are the differences between static ip addressing and dynamic ip addressing?

With static IP addressing, a computer (or other device) is configured to always use the same IP address. With dynamic addressing, the IP address can change periodically and is managed by a centralized network service

• Q13. What is APIPA?

Automatic private IP addressing (APIPA) is a feature mainly found in Microsoft operating systems. APIPA enables clients to still communicate with other computers on the same network segment until an IP address can be obtained from a DHCP server, allowing the machine to fully participate on the network. The range of these IP address are the 169.254.0.1 to 169.254.255.254 with a default Class B subnet mask of 255.255.0.0.

• Q14. What are the LMHOSTS files?

The LMHOSTS file is a static method of resolving NetBIOS names to IP addresses in the same way that the HOSTS file is a static method of resolving domain names into IP addresses. An LMHOSTS file is a text file that maps NetBIOS names to IP addresses; it must be manually configured and updated.

• Q15. What is DHCP scope?

A scope is a range, or pool, of IP addresses that can be leased to DHCP clients on a given subnet.

• Q16. What is FQDN?

An FQDN contains (fully qualified domain name) both the hostname and a domain name. It uniquely identifies a host within a DNS hierarchy

• Q17. What is the DNS forwarder?

DNS servers often must communicate with DNS servers outside of the local network. A forwarder is an entry that is used when a DNS server receives DNS queries that it cannot resolve locally. It then forwards those requests to external DNS servers for resolution.

• Q18. Which command will you use to find out the name of the pc in networks?

NSLOOKUP [192.168.0.1] [Ip of target computer]

• Q19. How will enable sound service in 2003?

By default this service remain disable to enable this service Start ==> administrative tools ==> service ==> windows audio ==> start up type ==> automatic

• Q20. How will enable CD burning service in 2003?

By default this service remain disable to enable this service Start ==> administrative tools ==> service ==> IMAPI CD burning com service ==> start up type ==> automatic