• Q1. What is VB.NET?

VB.Net is a windows based programming language.It supports oops concept.

• Q2. What is the base class of .net?

System.Object

• Q3. What is Difference between Namespace and Assembly?

Namespace is a collection of different classes. whereas an assembly is the basic building blocks of the .net framework.

• Q4. What is the difference between early binding and late binding?

Calling a non-virtual method, decided at a compile time is known as early binding. Calling a virtual method (Pure Polymorphism), decided at a runtime is known as late binding.

• Q5. What is Intermediate Langauge?

Microsoft Intermediate Language(MSIL or IL) is the CPU -independent instruction set into which .Net framework programs are compiled. It contains instructions for loading, storing initializing, and calling methods on objects.

• Q6. What is Commom Language Runtime?

CLR also known as Common Language Run time provides a environment in which program are executed, it activate object, perform security check on them, lay them out in the memory, execute them and garbage collect them.

• Q7. What is Common Type System?

The common type system is a rich type system, built into the common language runtime, which supports the types and operations found in most programming languages.

• Q8. What is Common Language Specification?

The Common Language Specification is a set of constructs and constraints that serves as a guide for library writers and compiler writers.

• Q9. Whats the difference between private and shared assembly?

Private assembly is used inside an application only and does not have to be identified by a strong name. Shared assembly can be used by multiple applications and has to have a strong name.

• Q10. What namespace does the Web page belong in the .NET Framework class hierarchy?

System.Web.UI.Page

• Q11. What is an Assembly?

Assembly are the basic buiding blocks of the .net framework.They are the logical grouping of the functionality in a physical file.

• Q12. What are the advantages of an assembly?

Increased performance. Better code management and encapsulation. It also introduces the n-tier concepts and business logic.

• Q13. What is Code Access Security?

CAS - Code Access Security is the part of the .NET security model that determines whether or not a piece of code is allowed to run, and what resources it can use when it is running.

• Q14. What are the difference between Structure and Class?

Structures are value type and Classes are reference type Structures can not have constructors or destructors. Classes can have both constructors and destructors. Structures do not support Inheritance, while Classes support Inheritance.

• Q15. What is the differences between dataset.clone and dataset.copy?

Dataset.clone copies just the structure of dataset (including all the datatables, schemas, relations and constraints.); however it doesnt copy the data. Dataset.copy, copies both the dataset structure and the data.

• Q16. What is the use of Internal keyword?

Internal keyword is one of the access specifier available in .Net framework , that makes a type visible in a given assembly , for e.g : a single dll can contain multiple modules.

• Q17. What is the difference between the Debug class and Trace class?

Use Debug class for debug builds, use Trace class for both debug and release builds.

• Q18. What are class access modifiers?

Access modifiers are keywords used to specify the declared accessibility of a member or a type. This section introduces the four access modifiers : Public Protected Internal Protected inertnal Private

• Q19. What is portable executable?

The file format used for executable programs and for files to be linked together to form executable programs.

• Q20. What is the difference between System.String and System.StringBuilder classes?

System.String is immutable, System.StringBuilder was designed with the purpose of having a mutable string where a variety of operations can be performed.

• Q21. What is tracing?

Tracing refers to collecting information about the application while it is running. You use tracing information to troubleshoot an application.

• Q22. What is the difference between a Thread and a Process?

A Process is an instance of an running application. And a thread is the Execution stream of the Process. A process can have multiple Thread.

• Q23. What is serialization?

Serialization is the process of converting an object into a stream of bytes. De-serialization is the opposite process of creating an object from a stream of bytes. Serialization/De-serialization is mostly used to transport objects.

• Q24. How a base class method is hidden?

Hiding a base class method by declaring a method in derived class with keyword new. This will override the base class method and old method will be suppressed.

• Q25. What are the namespace available in .net?

Namespace is a logical grouping of class. System System.Data System.IO System.Drawing System.Windows.Forms System.Threading

• Q26. What is Side-by-Side Execution?

The CLR allows any versions of the same-shared DLL (shared assembly) to execute at the same time, on the same system, and even in the same process. This concept is known as side-by-side execution.

• Q27. What are the different types of Caching?

There are three types of Caching : Output Caching Fragment Caching Data Caching.

• Q28. What is Reference type and value type?

Reference Type : Reference types are allocated on the managed CLR heap, just like object types. A data type that is stored as a reference to the values location. Reference types can be self-describing types, pointer types, or interface types. Value Type : Value types are allocated on the stack just like primitive types in VBScript, VB6 and C/C++. Value types are not instantiated using new go out of scope when the function they are defined within returns.

• Q29. What is Delegates?

Delegates are a type-safe, object-oriented implementation of function pointers and are used in many situations where a component needs to call back to the component that is using it.

• Q30. What is Authentication and Authorization?

Authentication is the process of identifying users. Authentication is identifying/validating the user against the credentials (username and password). Authorization performs after authentication. Authorization is the process of granting access to those users based on identity. Authorization allowing access of specific resource to user.

• Q31. What is a Static class?

Static class is a class which can be used or accessed without creating an instance of the class.

• Q32. What is sealed class?

Sealed classes are those classes which can not be inherited and thus any sealed class member can not be derived in any other class. A sealed class cannot also be an abstract class.

• Q33. How many types of Transactions are there in COM + .NET ?

There are 5 transactions types that can be used with COM+. Disabled Not Supported Supported Required Required New

• Q34. What is a DataTable?

A DataTable is a class in .NET Framework and in simple words a DataTable object represents a table from a database.

• Q35. How many namespaces are in .NET version 1.1?

124.

• Q36. What is a DataSet?

A DataSet is an in memory representation of data loaded from any data source

• Q37. What is the difference between in-proc and out-of-proc?

An Inproc is one which runs in the same process area as that of the client giving tha advantage of speed but the disadvantage of stability becoz if it crashes it takes the client application also with it. Outproc is one which works outside the clients memory thus giving stability to the client, but we have to compromise a bit on speed.

• Q38. What is the differnce between Managed code and unmanaged code?

Managed Code: Code that runs under a "contract of cooperation" with the common language runtime. Managed code must supply the metadata necessary for the runtimeto provide services such as memory management, cross-language integration, code access security, and automatic lifetime control of objects. All code based on Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) executes as managed code. Un-Managed Code: Code that is created without regard for the conventions and requirements of the common language runtime. Unmanaged code executes in the common language runtime environment with minimal services (for example, no garbage collection, limited debugging, and so on).

• Q39. What is difference between constants, readonly and, static?

Constants: The value cant be changed. Read-only: The value will be initialized only once from the constructor of the class. Static: Value can be initialized once.

• Q40. What is the difference between Convert.toString and .toString() method?

Convert.toString handles null while i.tostring() does not handles null.

• Q41. What is static constructor?

A static constructor is used to initialize a class. It is called automatically to initialize the class before the first instance is created or any static members are referenced.

• Q42. What are remotable objects in .NET Remoting?

Remotable objects are the objects that can be marshaled across the application domains. You can marshal by value, where a deep copy of the object is created and then passed to the receiver. You can also marshal by reference, where just a reference to an existing object is passed.

• Q43. What is static constructor?

A static constructor is used to initialize a class. It is called automatically to initialize the class before the first instance is created or any static members are referenced.

• Q44. What are the types of Authentication?

There are 3 types of Authentication. Windows Authentication Forms Authentication Passport Authentication

• Q45. What namespaces are necessary to create a localized application?

System.Globalization System.Resources

• Q46. Which namespaces are used for data access?

System.Data System.Data.OleDB System.Data.SQLClient

• Q47. What is a SESSION and APPLICATION object?

Session object store information between HTTP requests for a particular user. Session variables are used to store user specific information where as in application variables we cant store user specific information. while application object are global across users.

• Q48. What are the major differences between services and Web services?

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• Q49. Which are the various programming approaches for WCF?

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